Dynamics of Resonances and Equilibria of Low Earth Objects

The nearby space surrounding the Earth is densely populated by artificial satellites and instruments, whose orbits are distributed within the Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) region, ranging between 90 and 2000 km of altitude. As a consequence of collisions and fragmentations, much space debris of different sizes are left in the LEO region. Given the threat raised by the possible damages which a collision of debris can provoke with operational or manned satellites, the study of their dynamics is nowadays mandatory. This work is focused on the existence of equilibria and the dynamics of resonances in LEO. We base our results on a simplified model which includes the geopotential and the atmospheric drag. Using such a model, we make a qualitative study of the resonances and the equilibrium positions, including their location and stability. The dissipative effect due to the atmosphere provokes a tidal decay, but we give examples of different behaviors, precisely a straightforward passage through the resonance or rather a temporary capture. We also investigate the effect of the Solar cycle which is responsible for fluctuations of the atmospheric density, and we analyze the influence of the Sun and Moon on LEO objects.